Tag: #manufacturing

Tech Trends in the News: Vehicle Technology & Augmented Reality

On Episode 101 of The Edge of Innovation, Paul Parisi & Dan Buckley are talking about the latest tech trends in the news today! They’re discussing vehicle technology & augmented reality!

Sections

Apps & Augmented Reality To Complement Our Driving Experience
Reward-Based Driving & Alexa Car
The Freedom of Having a Car
What Technology Should Car Manufacturers Invest In?
The Hybrid Era: Electric Cars
Companies Sharing Technology
Tesla and Secret Technology
More Episodes
Show Notes

Tech Trends in the News: Vehicle Technology & Augmented Reality

Apps & Augmented Reality To Complement Our Driving Experience

Dan: Hello! Welcome to the Edge of Innovation. My name is Dan Buckley and I’m here with Paul Parisi, and we’re going to discuss some tech trends in the news together today.
So welcome, Paul.

Paul: Thanks, Dan

Dan: Great to have you, as always.

I was looking at a curve or a graph of deaths per – I think it was a hundred million miles driving – and it seems to have gone down, which actually, to have steadily gone down over the past few decades, in some ways surprises me, with phones and people texting on roads and so forth.

Paul: That’s true. Good point.

Dan: And that’s interesting. The interaction of phones also, other sorts of apps, even augmented reality in the way in which that’s going to interact with driving. I think people think of it now they tend to think negatively that you’re distracted, you’re texting. However, you could also be using Waze. You could be finding smarter ways of beating traffic or to help you with your commute. So, I wonder what that might look like in the future as we go forward, what o sorts of apps or what sorts of even augmented reality we’re going to see kind of, complemented our driving experience.

Paul: Well, about fifteen years ago Cadillac introduced heads-up displays – might be twenty years now – but basically, they had a display mounted on your dashboard that reflected onto the window in front of you. I think they even had rare in it so that they could tell that there was something beyond your visual, so at night you’d be able to see beyond and it would alert you. I think it was well ahead of its time but I think those kinds of things are going to be really really cool and really beneficial.

The question is, does that heads-up display also give you, “Hey, you just got a text from your brother and do you want to read it now or it to be read to you?” And that’s going to be an interesting question. Do we allow that? Do the laws allow that? That’s going to be an interesting question. So, you know, there’s an accident coming up ahead, remain to the mission that you’re on of driving, but is the fact that you’ve just passed a McDonalds and it’s dinner time and you can stop there and get something. Or Dunkin Donuts is nearby.

Now, if you watch Waze, they do that when you’re stopped. Once you stop at a light they can say, “Hey, there’s a Dunkin Donuts down the street.” And so, they’re dealing through those issues. But I do think the integration of these things into heads-up displays would be a lot better than putting it to the right or to the left of the driver and then they have to look at it. And that’s why these voices in our face, you don’t need to look at a voice talking to you.

Reward-Based Driving & Alexa Car

Dan: That’s true. Yeah. I wonder about advertisers. They are already using Waze. I wonder if, when we have heads-up displays, sort of augmented reality, or augmented windshields, if you will. If advertisers would leverage that? Or to what extent they’ll be allowed to do that? Advertisers, as well as perhaps, services like Uber to be able to gamify driving or to be able to let people know to go in a certain direction.

Paul: Sure.

Dan: Or things that might be out there.

Paul: Yeah, rerouting and things like that. That’ll be interesting. I think one of the things that is fascinating that I’ve noticed is the –

Dan: The rewards-based systems?

Paul: Well, we need to be really careful with that. So, you know, Amazon has just come out with Alexa Car.

Dan: Oh, wow!

Paul: And so, now you can converse with your car. I was on the invite list and I forgot to do it so I lost it, so I’m waiting for the invite to see but that’s an interesting idea to be able to interface with a voice to do something. I don’t know what it’s going to do for me. I would hope it would be able to say, you know, play the radio show I want to play or play the music I want to play. That’s sort of a limited, minimum thing. I think you’re going to see as you see with Android Auto.

Dan: Watch a movie.

Paul: Yeah, watch a movie, exactly. Fast forward, rewind, or watch two movies. One for each eye.

Dan: Multitasking.

Paul: That’s right. But the thing is – we have Android Auto. We have, I don’t know what it’s called, iOS Auto, basically an iPhone for the car – Is they haven’t really integrated in, they have a touch panel, but they don’t have a heads-up display. So, I don’t know why that hasn’t happened yet.

Dan: Interesting. Yeah, the other idea I was thinking of is maybe – you have Uber already. Perhaps there could be other award-based or maybe something that that sensitizes you to move something from one place to another – or people – that says, “Oh, there are people over here. Or if you go that way you can give them a ride and maybe make some money. Yeah, I guess a rewards-based system. And in line with rewards, maybe also just rewards for good driving. I imagine, sometimes I see in Waze, it says, “Oh, there’s a policeman ahead.” I imagine that must not be popular among police forces necessarily, who are recording that.

Paul: It’s part of the game.

Dan: Yeah. It also lets you know, don’t use your phone while you’re driving and also, you’re going over the speed limit, excreta.

Paul: But it doesn’t tell you that. It just turns red to say that you’re going over the speed limit. It doesn’t say you should slow down, because I think people would say, “Who are you to tell me to slow down?”

Dan: To some people red, maybe that’s a positive combination.

Paul: There you go. Exactly.

Dan: They think they’re doing well.

Paul: They have a different and alternate view of reality.

The Freedom of Having a Car

Paul: One of the things I thought was interesting in Waze is that they have a carpool interface now where, basically, you can expose the fact that I’m a driver and I’m driving this way and then it can start to bring together the people that are traveling those similar routes because it knows all that stuff about you. So, that will be interesting to see what that works out to be.

Dan: It seems like there are more and more cars on the road, but there are also a lot of empty seats on the road with people that go the same ways. I tend to notice similar people on my commute and maybe they notice me. But yeah, it’s fascinating to think of that in terms of why does every individual person need his own giant chunk of metal with all these extra seats, all the time.

Paul: Well, that freedom seems to be germane to America. I mean, even before cars, you know, people had the freedom to take a horse and ride it out into the wilderness, out into the West, and homestead. That’s really hard to take out of the people. I think you almost need to break people to not want to do that. People enjoy their vehicles. They enjoy the freedom that comes with a vehicle. We have a big country and there’s lots of space between things and so a vehicle is very convenient for doing that.

Dan: Yeah.

What Technology Should Car Manufacturers Invest In?

Dan: So, in terms of other changes in transportation, if I’m a car company like Toyota or Suzuki or any other company, I’m thinking to myself, “What do I invest in?” Because there’s the autonomous stuff, there’s electrical, there’s a number of different options out there. I don’t know which direction to go in or which ones are actually happening, like there might be a lot of hearsay per say. And we see that happening to some extent, but what are the big players? What would you recommend the direction they could go in? Or how to tie these things together?

Paul: Well, I think that one of the things that was a bit of a surprise to me as I started to research this over the past couple of years, is that the efficiency of a gallon of gas is actually quite low. There’s a lot of power in a gallon of gasoline. But we don’t use it nearly as efficiently as we could. And so, the idea is that if we have electric vehicles, that we can produce electricity more efficiently that we can utilize the gasoline to produce horsepower. And there’s reasonable thought to say that, okay, we put together a generation system, an electrical generation system, whatever it might be, hydropower, whatever it might be. We’re going to be able to control that and generate electricity more efficiently than we can generate horsepower out of gasoline.

And also, all of the costs that go into gasoline and all the negative impacts of burning gasoline, and so those are generally real. I mean, I don’t like being an exhaust of anything. So, those aren’t the best things for us, but we’ve greatly improved it since the car was first invented. Most exhaust out of most cars is extremely clean so it’s not just that, but it’s the limited resources and how can we most efficiently generate that.

The Hybrid Era: Electric Cars

Paul: So, I think electric, you’ll see that more and more. We’re in a hybrid era right now. You have Tesla trying to be 100 percent electric and its very expensive so only early adopters can get it and it has that limit of limitation to your freedom. You can only drive four hundred miles or whatever the mileage is. So, those issues have to be dealt with and the efficiencies will be found and the ability to charge more quickly and things like that. But I think that, as we start to look at that, lighter materials means less power, all that kind of stuff, is going to add up, smaller vehicles.

And then also, in the big vehicles, a lot of our fuel is used by truckers and trucks are integral to everything that we consume. In order to have those efficiently getting us from point A to point B is critical, so I think you’re going to start to see partnerships with all of these companies that will be partnerships of ten or fifteen years and then they will sort themselves out and they will go off and produce them in the long run. If you look at the way Japan has worked through the 70s, 80s, and 90s, is you would find different companies partnering together to develop calculators for example. Casio and Sharp collaborated a lot on that and they actually seeded different parts of the market to each other. Those aren’t necessarily American ways of doing things.

Dan: Yeah, how do we stand up to that!

Companies Sharing Technology

Paul: Yeah, but I think you’re going to see some of that. And it’ll be interesting because as Tesla invents a lot of the future, are they going to license some of this stuff and make money that way – nobody’s saying they can’t make money – or are they going to keep it themselves? Everything that Tesla does is secret. There are no manuals for it. You can’t repair it yourself. All this kind of stuff, so it’s a very interesting way of doing things.

And there are other companies – and Apple’s the same way – But there are other companies that say, “Hey, we just invented a better way of doing this, let’s sell it to everybody. We’ll sell it to Apple. We’ll sell it to IBM. We’ll sell it to Lenova.” Whoever it is that wants to, they can pay a license fee and that’s how we make our money. And that hasn’t been the case over the past ten years. There has been patent infringements that force settlements between companies but most patents should result in a licensing agreement, not a “you cant make what you’re making.”

Dan: Yeah, it seems to me with innovations like this, if we’re going in the direction where it’s electrical or non-gasoline vehicles, it is going to take more than one company. It’s an infrastructural change to some extent. Because if I use my gas-based vehicle, it’s kind of easy for me. I know those people who are trained to work on my Honda vehicle. They know the parts. I go to a gas station – gas stations are everywhere. There’s a whole market for that skill set and so I wonder how long might take for people to become Tesla mechanics, to have the Tesla parts readily available or even to have other companies besides Tesla that will be part of that market and compete with Tesla even, based on having the license and being able to do similar sorts of things.

Tesla and Secret Technology

Paul: Well, as you said that, it became clear to me. It’s like that’s really interesting that Tesla would choose the closed route, as opposed to saying to all the car maintenance people out there – all the mechanics – learn how to service Tesla. Now they might be saying, “That’s crazy! We’ll get electrocuted!” But still, you’ve got to get them to that point and if you need to get your Tesla fixed, it almost needs to go back to the factory.

So that’s an interesting thing. Now, Apple just recently announced their service provider program, an authorized repair center program. They’ve been at odds with this at making all sorts of extreme statements like, “Oh, we don’t want a bad repair to endanger someone’s life on an iPhone,” and all this different stuff. And what they did was they forced all of the independent repair people out there to find alternate sourced parts. So, they would be getting a battery for your iPhone that was from “Joe’s Batteries” as opposed to from an Apple certified battery and so they’d put it in there and that would swell and break your iPhone and so Apple was saying, “See!” and the repair guys were saying, “Wait a minute! If you just let us buy Apple parts we could do that!” And Apple said, “Well, you’re not – they didn’t say this but I think what they meant here was you’re not smart enough to do that.” And it’s just not true.

Just recently they announced a new program which is going to allow independent repair people to get real parts, real schematics and all these different things. It took Apple ten, eleven years to figure that out with the iPhone and even the Mac and all the different products. Why is Tesla making the same mistake? Why wouldn’t they say, “Here’s how you fix it.” I just don’t understand that. That’s an interesting problem to say, “Oh, not only can you buy it from us but you have to have us fix it.” That’s not the business model they should be in.

Dan: Yeah.

Paul: They should be in the business of inventing really good cars and selling them and helping anybody who has one, make it work.

Dan: Yeah. Wow.

Well, this has been a fascinating conversation, Paul, and I appreciate it. We’ll have more information in our shownotes as well, with links to the articles we discussed.

Thank you for joining us, Paul.

Paul: Alright, thank you!

More Episodes:

This is Part 2 of 2 our Tech Trends Talk about autonomous vehicles. If you missed Part 1, you can listen to it here!

Show Notes:

Semiconductor Manufacturing With Entrepreneur Simon Wainwright

On Episode 71 of The Edge of Innovation, we’re talking with entrepreneur Simon Wainwright, president of Freebird Semiconductor, about how he started a company to manufacture semiconductors using GaN technology!

Show Notes

Freebird Semiconductor’s Website
Contact Freebird Semiconductor
Find Simon Wainwright on LinkedIn
Space X – A private company that manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft
What’s So Special About Low Earth Orbit?
OneWeb: Bringing global, satellite-based internet services to Earth through a constellation of satellites
Project Loon: Balloon Powered Internet For Everyone
What is a Transistor?
What is GaN?
Link to SaviorLabs Assessment

Sections

Introduction
Starting a Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
About Simon Wainwright
A Team of Entrepreneurs
Starting a Company From Ground Zero
The Risks – Believing in Your Company From Day One
The Execution of a Business Idea
What on Earth is Going on In Space Right Now?
The Market for Satellites and Small Constellations
What Are Constellations Doing Right Now?
What is a Semiconductor?
The Market for Semiconductors
Wireless Charging With Gallium Nitride Technology
More Episodes

Semiconductor Manufacturing with Simon Wainwright

Introduction

Paul: Hello. Today I’m here with Simon Wainwright. President of Freebird Semiconductor out of Haverhill, Massachusetts.

Simon: Hi. Good afternoon, Paul. How are you?

Paul: Welcome. Thank you for coming in.

Simon: No problem.

Paul: So we met probably two years ago now?

Simon: Yeah, I’d say so. Yeah.

Paul: And you were starting a new semiconductor company.

Simon: That’s correct. Yeah.

Starting a Semiconductor Manufacturing Company

Paul: You know, our audience is quite diverse. You’ve got just normal people that have no idea what a semiconductor is to really technical people that can probably build semiconductors. Some of your competitors are people that we work in the same realm in manufacturing world. Why did you start a semiconductor manufacturing company? And how long has it been? Two years, three years now?

Simon: Yes, it’s been alive now for about two years, eight months. Something like that.

Paul: So what was the inflection point? What caused you to say, “Yeah, I’m going to start a semiconductor manufacturing company”?

Simon: It was the advantages of the technology. We work with gallium nitride, which is an emerging technology. It’s been around in the research realms for about ten, fifteen years. And then maybe in mainstream RF, or radio frequency type circuits for a little bit longer than it has been into the main power markets. But we had a relationship with the CEO and founder of another company called Efficient Power Conversion who is actually our foundry supplier of gallium nitride. And the technology just has advantages that make it… It really is an offer we couldn’t turn down. We can make things smaller, faster, more efficient and cheaper.

About Simon Wainwright

Paul: Okay. Well let’s get into that a little bit. So first of all, before we do that, what’s your background? I can tell you’re not from Boston.

Simon: I’m from Old England.

Paul: Old England. That’s right. Not New England. Okay. That’s a good point.

Simon: That’s right. So I’m from the UK. I studied electrical engineering, electronic engineering, at the University of Liverpool. I followed that through with a PhD in silicon uninsulated technology, believe it or not, which is now mainstream. Then I moved to Spain, my personal life took me to Spain for 20 years where I was a partner in one of the semiconductor companies in Spain as well.

Paul: So this is right in your wheelhouse.

Simon: Absolutely. Yeah.

Paul: So it wasn’t like you were a baker and you say, I’m going to wake up and I’m going to make semiconductors today.

Simon: Oh, no, no, no. I’ve always been involved in semiconductors in one form or another.

Paul: Okay. And what brought you to New England?

Simon: Basically, in my Spanish company, I was trying to sell to an American company, and they said, “Hey, we don’t want to buy your chips, but we want to hire you.” So I got a job with this company, and they ultimately brought me over about six years ago now.

Paul: So you’re relatively new to the United States.

Simon: Yeah, I’m very new.

Paul: Alright. Have you always been in New England, or did you live somewhere else?

Simon: Always here. Strangely enough, the Spanish company had an office in Andover, which is just down the road from Haverhill where we are located now. So I’ve had an association with the area for 25 years.

A Team of Entrepreneurs

Paul: Okay. Cool. So you didn’t just sort of sit up one day and say, “Hey I’m going to do this.” You didn’t do it alone. You have a key team, I would imagine.”

Simon: Yes, yes.

Paul: And who are some of the people on that and also what are their roles?

Simon: So basically, there are three founders. And we each cover distinct areas of the business. So myself, I cover a little bit of the technical stuff, with my background, obviously, but I’m also in charge of the actual general management of the business itself. So I have an MBA as well that helps towards that. So basically, just the general running of the company’s accounting stuff.

Paul: Day to day.

Simon: Yeah, the day-to-day stuff. Then we have a couple of other partners, the other founders. One is a technical guy who has been 25 years in the industry doing radiation-hardened MOSFETs, which is a similar product. It’s not the same but a similar product. So we call him the chief radiation officer.

Paul: CRO?

Simon: The CRO. The CRO, yeah. So we have our product portfolio, which we’ll get into a little bit later. It’s very much radiation hardened, so we wanted to make an emphasis on that. Therefore, he got that title. And then we had the other founder,Jim. He, basically, is an industry veteran. He’s been through many different larger companies. He’s had his own small company as well, a sales company. And he’s in charge of sales, marketing and sort of like the product strategies.

Starting a Company From Ground Zero

Paul: I see. So now is this your first startup from ground zero?

Simon: Yes, from ground zero, yes. I’ve had other businesses, but from ground zero, this was the biggest bite I’ve taken out of the apple.

Paul: Okay. How is it? The, the entrepreneurial side?

Simon: Oh, the entrepreneurial side? It’s good. It’s good.

Paul: You like it? So you get energy from that?

Simon: Oh, absolutely! Yeah, I would never go back and work for anybody.

Paul: Yeah. I like to say that people don’t understand entrepreneurs very well, but you wake up every Monday, and you’re not employed. You don’t have a job. If you don’t get up, nobody is going to do it.

Simon: Absolutely.

Paul: Do you find that to be the case?

Simon: Absolutely. I think sometimes, I don’t even go to bed. It seems like that.

Paul: That’s a good way to put it.

Alright. So you’re in New England working for a company that sort of brought you over to help them. What came across your desk, or was it you had an epiphany or that said, “I’m going to go in and start a semiconductor company in this particular technology”?

Simon: We’d seen this in the industry. It had been around in the industry, but it was very marginal on the outskirts of technology. And then there was a reorganization we did in the company that we worked for. All three of us worked at the same company.

Paul: Oh, okay. That’s good.

Simon: So there, there was a reorganization, and it just felt like the right time. So it was we didn’t want to go in the direction that that company went into, and we wanted to follow this path.

The Risks – Believing in Your Company From Day One

Paul: Right. But, I mean, there’s a lot of technologies that come out that don’t prove out. Was there a huge risk, or were you at the point was it past the tipping point of it proving out?

Simon: It had gone through its initial preliminary stages where you knew it was going to work. I’m not sure the tipping point. There was still a lot of work that we’ve done in the last two years that’s maybe taken it to the tipping point now.

Paul: Okay. But you took a big risk.

Simon: Oh, yeah. Absolutely.

Paul: So, because it could have been, “Oh, we can’t solve these problems.”

Simon: Yes, absolutely. It could have been. It was a major risk. Ask my wife about that. She’ll confirm that.

Paul: You did what? You did what?

Simon: Spent the college fund on what?

Paul: Well, that’s key to….Or just everybody’s entrepreneurial experience, there’s a point at which it looks like it’s never going to work. And you persevere through that, and hopefully it will work, and then hopefully it’s scalable.

Simon: I don’t think that that’s fully the case in my case at least. I believed in it from day one. If you don’t believe in it, you don’t take that risk.

Paul: Sure. But you, but that risk is there.

Simon: Oh, absolutely.

Paul: You may have an irrational belief, but you proved out now that it was rational.

Simon: Absolutely.

The Execution of a Business Idea

Paul: Okay. So you’re past that failure point. Imminent failure point. So now it’s the execution of developing it. So where are you in that? We’ll get into what the products actually do, but you took an idea that was a concept or a set of processes probably, and refined those so that they would produce what you had hoped they would produce.

Simon: Correct. It was essentially that the guy that we worked with, with Efficient Power Conversation, he has a product. So we thought we can make that product better and specifically direct it towards the space and high reliability market. And that’s a market that the EPC was not interested in getting into fully because they didn’t want the hassle of supporting, a Boeing, a Northrop Grumman, any of these large prime subcontractors that ask for reams and reams of data.

What on Earth is Going on In Space Right Now?

Paul: To what end? Alright, well first of all, there’s a bunch to peel back here for the general listener I think. So, you say you supply stuff to the space industry. You didn’t even say aerospace.

Simon: No. It’s space.

Paul: Space. Now I am pretty technically savvy and interested in it, and I follow SpaceX and all this stuff. But that doesn’t seem to be that many things going into space. Or maybe I’m just ignorant.

Simon: Oh, there are, there are tons of things going on in space at the moment. Now is space’s watershed moment, so it’s the space revolution, I would say, at the moment.

Paul: And but, this is for near-earth objects or is that the words?

Simon: It’s LEO, low Earth orbit. So they’re the ones that are closer. And then there’s medium Earth orbit, and then…

Paul: So is this like tens of things are going on in space or hundreds or thousands or tens of thousands?

Simon: You’d be surprised how many launches. There are launches every week I would say. Yeah, yeah. I would say that satellites buzzing around up there at the moment, it’s impossible to put an exact number on them. And this is in the public domain. There’s a number of constellations that are coming out now. So take, for instance, a commercial constellation called OneWeb. You may have heard that they just broke ground down in Florida. They have a conglomeration between Airbus… Richard Branson’s involved in it. There’s a number of things. Softbank has funded this. And there’s a revolution at the moment in the space industry. And OneWeb is just one of the constellations.

Paul: And by constellation, you mean multiple satellites working together?

Simon: Absolutely. So it’s like a network in space essentially. So there are a number of projects for this type of constellation. So they would launch nearly 800 satellites at a very low altitude, so the low Earth orbit.

Paul: What is that? Just for listeners.

Simon: I wouldn’t be able to give you the actual height. I could look it up. I don’t have it on the top of my mind, but it’s basically the closest you can get to earth without actually falling through the atmosphere. So it’s not very high. That’s why they need more to cover more areas of the globe.

Paul: Because the distance isn’t as far.

Simon: Yeah, so that the longer ones, the higher altitude sate—, satellite such as the geostationary. They would stay over the same point, but they would cover more because the cone of coverage comes down and covers more area on the earth’s surface.

Paul: And I know we’re getting off track here. But why wouldn’t I put up a higher one?

Simon: It’s more expensive. Firstly, you have to get it higher.

Paul: Really that’s the expense?

Simon: For rockets and it’s exposed to more harsh atmospheres up there. So you get more radiation. It’s closer to the radiation sources. It’s closer to the sun and so on.

Paul: So there’s like a sweet spot.

Simon: I wouldn’t say there’s a sweet spot.

Paul: Or many sweet spots?

Simon: The higher you go, the more radiation hardened you need. The lower you go, the more tolerant you can be with radiation.

Paul: I would have never thought. Okay. So that’s a cool thing to sort of look up, is to go and look at all these different projects that are going on for all the lower Earth orbit stuff. So… Okay, so there’s a lot in the space world.

The Market for Satellites and Small Constellations

Simon: Yeah. So I mean, basically, there’s been a shift from the small constellations with geostationary satellites, with the high altitude, and they have to have lifetimes of 15-year mission expectancy.

Paul: Yeah. Because you can’t call a repair…

Simon: Exactly. You can’t send a guy over there with a wrench to fix it.

Paul: It’s very expensive. It’s just too expensive to do that, yeah.

Simon: So basically, the, the commercial level of satellites at the moment, which is all these LEO constellations, these very commercial constellations, is changing the market. It’s revolutionizing the markets at the moment. So it’s a little bit like Henry Ford did with cars, you know. You could make tons of these things. They’re almost, you can use them and throw them away. That sort of thing.

What Are Constellations Doing Right Now?

Paul: I see. So let’s take another detour. We’re getting further away. But what are they doing with these constellations? What application?

Simon: So, one of the typical applications is communication. So it’s basically internet via space. You may have heard of project Loon from Google. I’m not sure whether that’s still going on or not with balloons. They wanted high altitude balloons. So this essentially uses these new commercial constellations. They link together, and they form a network. It’s almost like the old cell phone towers, if you like, but it’s, you know, with no towers and no wires on the ground.

So it can give absolute coverage all over the globe for internet access. You get your internet access via satellite. So in the case of what’s just happened — the hurricanes down in Texas and Florida and the Caribbean — it doesn’t matter if your cell tower falls over.

Paul: Yeah, it’s a paradigm shift.

Simon: So it’s a major revolution in the way that we communicate as well.

Paul: Okay. Is this really the differentiator in your products, the radiation hardening of it?

Simon: I would say between our products, which is radiation-hardened gallium nitride, and normal gallium nitride, absolutely. It’s the radiation hardness. But between GaN, per se, and other technologies such as silicon, we have far more superior performance. We have faster switching times and lower losses.

What is a Semiconductor?

Paul: So what are you making? I mean, are they transistors? Are they integrated circuits?

Simon: So we make transistors. Everybody is familiar with the transistor radio. Basically, it’s a switch where you turn things on, and you turn things off with a piece of semiconductor.

Paul: 2N222.

Simon: There you, there you go.

Paul: 22-22.

Simon: That’s an old silicon technology, which is still going. So there’s nothing wrong with it.

Paul: So, okay. So for, for our listeners that aren’t electronics people, it’s like you have a light switch. A transistor is a switch. Check me on this.

Simon: That’s correct. Yeah.

Paul: It’s a switch. But the toggle is another like electric field. So you connect something to the toggle, and it lets it flow or not flow?

Simon: Exactly.

Paul: And that’s why it’s called a semiconductor because it conducts under one circumstance and then another circumstance it doesn’t. Hold on. So, I had thought everything moved to ICs.

Simon: No.

Paul: You know, with millions of transistors on the ICs. So you’re saying that there’s still applications for just individual transistors.

The Market for Semiconductors

Simon: Yep. Absolutely. We call them discrete components so that there’s absolutely a market for that at the moment. And the way that there is a market for that is it depends on the application. So the ICs that you’re talking about will basically be digital functions, like processors or things like that.

Paul: Yes, no.

Simon: Absolutely. So what we do with our discrete devices, the individual transistors, is that we manage the flow of power. So we are dedicated, really, towards providing solutions for the power management of the satellite. So to give you an idea, you’ve seen the wings of a satellite with the solar panels. So they gather energy from the sun, feed that through to a converter on the actual body of the satellite itself, and then basically, that raw energy has to be converted into — I don’t know — five volts or 3.3 volts or a test that amplifies something.

Paul: Voltage regulators.

Simon: So basically, you can use our discrete transistors in all of these power-supply-based circuits.

Paul: Okay. So I could use silicon to do that.

Simon: You can use silicon.

Paul: So if we were sitting here on Earth, which we are, and we were going to build a power supply that converted the sun energy to 5-volt, 12-volt, whatever it might be, and regulate that so it doesn’t change and we could build it with a lot of different things. I could go out and get an IC to do that. But when I fly that into space, certain problems start to happen.

Simon: Yes. So when you go into space, you have to take into account that the parameters of these transistors can change with… If you receive doses of radiation. There’s no atmosphere there, so radiation can easily attack your electronics. So that’s the first advantage of using our products, which we’ve modified sufficiently so that they are radiation hardened.

Paul: And is that just the case of it, or is it actually the actual innards of…?

Simon: It’s the innards. The innards of the semiconductor itself.

Paul: So they’re not affected as much by radiation.

Simon: Correct. That is absolutely correct.

Paul: And, is it like a 2% difference, or is it like a 50% difference?

Simon: It’s like night and day.

Paul: So it’s a game changer.

Simon: Yeah, oh absolutely a game changer.

Paul: So what did we do before this technology?

Simon: So before this technology, we had silicon. Silicon, basically, which has its limitations, so you have to do a lot of derating. You have to use them way below their stated voltages so that the radiation doesn’t really affect it. So you have to over-design these things.

Paul: And make them bigger, I imagine.

Simon: Make them bigger. Size gets huge.

Paul: Probably more shielding and things like that.

Simon: Yep. You can put shielding around the actual circuitry itself and not just the component but the circuitry itself. And there’s another element to using gallium nitride as well. Not only have we managed to achieve radiation hardness with it, but intrinsically, the material itself, the gallium nitride material, is far better than silicon anyway. So just going back to your previous example on the ground, if we wanted to build a power supply or a converter or something like that on the ground where we don’t even worry about radiation hardened effects, we could still make those circuits way more efficient.

Paul: So actual efficiency. I’m building a power supply that’s 50% efficient, yours would be 60%? I know there’s a lot of parameters, but I’m just saying…

Simon: There’s a lot of parameters, but we can easily outstrip the state-of-the-art silicon.

Paul: Well, that’s going to be a huge issue in computers. The biggest problem in computers is getting the power to them.

Simon: Yeah. Absolutely.

Paul: And so there’s a market there as well.

Wireless Charging With Gallium Nitride Technology

Simon: You will see that some of the commercial applications that EPC is, is pursuing are smaller bricks essentially, power supply bricks. The smaller ones of those. Even the remote charging. You can do remote charging because gallium nitride switches way faster than any silicon technology. So you can get the wireless charging. It’s also advantageous for things like LIDAR. So it will revolutionize the autonomous vehicles because it can scan, and it has vision systems that are way more detailed than the standard silicon-based technology.

So it really it’s a GaN revolution at the moment. It’s a GaN revolution.

More Episodes:

You’ve been listening to Part 1 of our interview with Simon Wainwright. You can listen to part 2 of our conversation, here! We’ll be talking about the future of the space industry!


Also published on Medium.

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